大学生人群乙型肝炎病毒感染的实验流行病学研究

Experimental Epidemiology Study of Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Universities

目的探讨健康教育预防乙型肝炎病毒感染的效果,为制定人群乙型肝炎病毒感染的预防策略提供科学的理论依据。方法以某高校2000级、2001级13015名大学生为研究对象,2001级为实验组,给予乙型肝炎病毒预防知识讲座的干预措施,2000级为对照组。用ELISA法检测新生和毕业生静脉血中的HBsAg,计算HBsAg阳性率,采用SPSS13.0进行统计学分析。结果2000级、2001级新生入学体检时HBsAg阳性率分别为5.7%和6.2%,不存在显著性差异(χ2=1.52,P>0.05)。毕业生体检时,实验组的HBsAg阳性率为3.7%,对照组的HBsAg阳性率为9.0%,两者具有显著性差异(χ2=145.08,P<0.05)。2001级新生HBsAg阴转率为12.3%。2000级新生HBsAg阴转率为7.3%,具有显著性差异(χ2=5.46,P<0.05)。结论乙型肝炎病毒的预防知识讲座可以有效降低大学生人群HBsAg阳性率,在HBsAg阳性人群中进行乙型肝炎病毒预防知识讲座可以提高HBsAg阴转率。

Objective To investigate the effect of health aducation about hepatitis B virus （HBV） infection and to provide a scientific theoretic basis for developing effective protective strategies against HBV, Methods A survey was conducted among the 13,015 college students in Grade 2000 and Grade 2001 in a certain university, among them, Grade 2001 students who acquired a knowledge of precautionary measures against HBV infection were as the experimental group, while studens of Grade 2000 were served as the control group. The hepatitis B surface antigen（HBsAg）was tested by enzyme linked irnmunosorbent assay. Statistical analysis was performed on SPSS13,0 software. Resulte The HBsAg positive rates of Grade 2000 and Grade 2001 freshmen in their enrollment physical examinations were5.7% and 6.2% respectively, and no statistical difference between these two groups was found （X^2 = 1.52, P〉0.05）. However, the HBsAg positive rate of the experimental group （3.7%） was significantly higher than that of the control group （9.0%） in the graduation physical examination （X^2 = 145.08, P〈0.05）. And as for the negative conversion rate of HBsAg in the freshmen who were HBsAg positive, Grade 2001（12.3 % ） was significantly higher than Grade 2000 （7.3 % ） （X^2 = 5.46, P〈 0.05）. Conclusion Health education about HBV infection among the college students can significantly reduce the HBsAg positive rate and raise the negative conversion rate of HBsAg in universities.