深圳市福田区1997-2006年流行性出血热流行病学分析及对策

Epidemiological Analysis of Epidemic Hemorrhagic Fever in Futian District of Shenzhen From 1997 to 2006

目的分析福田区流行性出血热的发病规律为制定流行性出血热的预防和控制措施提供科学依据。方法病例对象来源于疫情报告资料、EHF个案调查表和实验室结果。EHF鼠密度调查采用笼日法,带毒率用ELISA法检测鼠血清EHF特异性抗体。将上述疫情报告资料和实验室数据进行流行病学和统计学分析。结果福田区的EHF病例在1997～2006年间共发生40例,呈低度活跃,发病人群多见于男性和青壮年,男性占总数的90%,青壮年则占总数的80%,职业分布中以工人和民工多发,占42.5%;EHF在区内呈现明显春夏峰型;鼠媒监测方面褐家鼠占总捕获鼠的94.59%,平均捕获率9.72%,发现鼠EHF感染率高达32.41%。区内EHF病毒分型主要为汉坦病毒(HV)Ⅱ型即汉城病毒(SEOV)。结论福田区EHF符合家鼠型传播特点,褐家鼠是区内的主要宿主动物和传染源。加强对于EHF防治的健康教育、重视环境和食品卫生、加强对EHF的疾病监测、科学灭鼠防鼠、开展重点人群的预防接种是预防控制EHF疫情、防止疫情传播的有效措施。

Objective To analyze the pathogens of epidemic hemorrhagic fever in Futian District and to provide scientific basis for developing preventive strategies. Methods Using epidemiologic methods to analyze the data of epidemic monitoring and epidemiological description about EHF. Live rats were captured with cages, and the antigen was detected using ELISA. The 1997-2006 epidemiologic data and laboratory data were analyzed by epidemiological and statistical methods. Results From 1997 to the end of 2006, 40 epidemic hemorrhagic fever cases were reported, and it was in low epidemic situation. Of all the hemorrhagic fever cases, 90 % were male, 80% were young adults, 42.5% were migrant laborers, and the hemorrhagic fever patients were mostly the young male. It attacked mainly in the spring and summer seasons. Among all the captured rats, 94.59% were Rattus novegicus, and the capture rate was 9.72%. The EHF infection rate of the rats was 32.41%, and the most prevalent virus was Hantaan type II virus i.e., the Seoul virus. Conclusion The factorsof transmission of epidemic hemorrhagic fever are domestic- rodent- type among mice in Futian District, and the predominant species is Rattus novegicus. Emphasizing health education, food sanitation, wiping out rats scientifically and preventive inoculation are the effective measures to control the spread of the disease.