从六朝故事看道教与佛教进入地方社会的不同策略

Daoism and Buddhism's Different Strategies in Making Their Way into the Local Community in the Stories of Six Dynasties

《异苑》、《述异记》等志怪小说讲述了六朝天师道如何对民间鬼神祭祀进行“伐庙杀鬼”、毁弃“鬼物”的故事,故事背后透露出天师道的教义信息。在另外一些故事中,佛教却是通过夺取地方俗庙的庙产扩张了佛寺。从故事中我们知道,天师道是通过把地方基层社神纳入道教神谱进行收编,而佛教却对地方社神与社庙进行“伐社”,这两种迥异做法凸显了两种宗教进入地方社会的不同策略。

The tradition of the strange tales （Zhiguai Tales） of the Six Dynasties tells of stories of how Celestial - Master Daoism attempts to destroy the popular religious sacrificial rites by devastating their religious temples, undermining their gods and wrecking the artifacts connected to the popular religions. These stories revealed the very doctrine of the Celestial - Master Daoism. In some of these Zhiguai Tales of the Six Dynasties, it is claimed that Buddhist expansion is achieved by seizing local temples, grabbing their possessions and turning them into Buddhist monasteries. Celestial - Master Daoism adopts the local primary deities and earth gods of the locality and incorporate them into the Daoist pantheon. Buddhism, on the other hand, suppresses the local gods and their temples. They represent opposite approaches and different strategies taken by these two institutional religions in making their way into the local community.