如皋鸡生长发育规律和体尺性状研究

Research on the Rule of Development and Growth and Body Measurements Traits of Rugao Chicken

本试验对0-12周龄如皋鸡的体重生长规律及12周龄体尺性状进行了研究。结果表明：①1-12周龄公母鸡间体重存在极显著差异（P〈0.01）,公鸡的体重整齐度较差;②Gompertz模型能很好地描述鸡体重生长模式（R2〉0.996）,其生长拐点在6-7周龄,如皋鸡成熟体重和生长高峰体重的遗传力均为0.09,初生重估计值、平均生长速率、生长高峰周龄的遗传力分别为0.21、0.32、0.37;③用全同胞和半同胞2种遗传模型估计的体重方差组分及遗传力结果有明显差异。用全同胞遗传模型计算的公鸡体重遗传力明显高于母鸡（都是高遗传力）,体重遗传力总体上随饲养周龄的增长呈下降趋势,随周龄增加母本效应越来越小,并且公鸡受母本效应的影响明显大于母鸡,用半同胞遗传模型计算的公鸡体重遗传力7周龄前小于母鸡,8-9周龄等于母鸡,10-12周龄大于母鸡;④12周龄体尺性状中除胸角性别间差异不显著（P〉0.05）、公鸡胫色显著黄于母鸡（P〈0.05）外,其他性状均为公鸡极显著大于（红于）母鸡（P〈0.01）;⑤12周龄胸角与其它体尺性状表型相关都不显著（P〉0.05）,其余绝大部分性状间存在显著（P〈0.05）或极显著（P〈0.01）相关。⑥活重、体斜长、龙骨长、胫长、胫围、冠长、冠高、冠色、胫色、胸角、胸宽的遗传力分别为0.53、0.11、0.64、0.92、0.42、0.16、0.15、0.52、0.25、0.16、0.40。

Studies on the rule of body growth of 0-20-week-old Rugao chicken as well as 12-week-old body measurements traits. The results were as follows： （1）the difference of the bodyweight between male and female chicken was significant （P〈 0.01）, the coherence of the bodyweight among the male chickens was relatively low; （2）Gompertz model can excellently described the growth model of chicken bodyweight （R^2〉0. 996）, the growth point of inflection was at 6-7 weeks. The heritability of mature and fastigium bodyweight were 0. 09, the heritability of estimate of the weight at birth, the average growth speed, fastigium growth age was 0. 21, 0.32 and 0. 37, respectively; （3）The estimating results of the variance component and heritability of the bodyweight had significant difference when using whole-sib and half-sib genetic model. The heritability of male chicken bodyweight was significant higher than that of female chicken （both of them had high heritability） when calculated by whole-sib genetic model. Bodyweight heritability descended with the increasing of the age in general, and the maternal effects was smaller when the age increased. The maternal effects on male was larger than female; the male chicken bodyweight heritability calculated by half-sib genetic model were different from that of female chicken： smaller before 7-week-old, equal at 8-9-week-old, larger at 10-12- week-old; （4）The male body measurements traits were significant larger than female （P〈0. 01） except that the chest angle was not significant. （5）The correlation between 12-week-old chest angle and other body measurements traits was not significant. Most of other measurements had significant correlation （P〈0. 05, P〈0. 01）. （6）The heritability of live weight, body length, chest bone length, metatarsus length, metatarsus circumference, coronal length, coronal height, coronal color, metatarsus color, chest angle, chest width was 0. 53, 0. 11, 0. 64, 0. 92, 0. 42, 0. 16, 0. 15, 0.52, 0.25, 0. 16 and 0.40 respectively.