关于商法学中商主体概念的探讨

Probing into the Concept of Commercial Subject in the Commercial Law Theory in China

商主体,作为概念,是我国商法学理论中最重要的基础概念之一;作为经济实体,是我国经济活动中主要的参与者和被管理对象。但是,在目前的商法学的权威教材中,不仅对商主体概念内涵的揭示是含混、相互矛盾的,甚至是自相矛盾的,而且对商主体与相关概念的区别也缺乏认真研究,从而导致理论学习和阐述上的混乱。虽然,统一的定义,在科学研究中几乎是不可能的,甚至对科学研究没有益处,但应该承认这种认识上的混乱在相当程度上影响了商法学理论的发展和商法学理论对我国商事立法和经济管理活动的贡献程度。通过介绍、分析,比较我国商法学理论界对商主体、商人、企业和民事主体的概念的不同观点,并结合世界主要商法典的相关规定以及相关经济学理论,阐述了对商法学中商主体与相关主体之间的区分的认识,并最终归纳出商主体的概念。

The concept of commercial subject, is one of the most important basic concepts in the commercial law theory in China, as entities,commercial subjects are the main participants and supervisees in the economic activities in China. Yet the definition of commercial subject presented by authority textbook is somewhat vulgar and contradicted one another, even sell：contradicted. Worsely, the comparative study of the relationship among commercial subject and other related concepts is far from sufficient. In such a situation, the learning and explanation of commercial law theory will be surely messy. Although an uniform definition in a science subject can＇ t be expected and won＇ t benefit the research activity, we have to admit that such a mess in knowledge will negatively affect the development of our commercial law theory and our contribution to the commercial law-making activity and the supervision of economic activities. Through his introduction ,analysis and comparison to the various view-points of Chinese scholars about the definitions of commercial subject, businessman, enterprise and civil subject, with the help of introduction of related provision in the main wellknown commercial code in the world,of relevant theories in economic,the author has given her own understand of the relationship among the commercial subject and other related. Eventually, the author summurized the concept of the commercial subject.