印楝素对番茄土传病原真菌的抑菌作用

Inhibition Efficiency of Azadirachtin Agents on Soil Borne Pathogens of Tomato

采用菌丝生长速率法,研究了3种印楝素制剂对番茄4种土传病原真菌的抑菌效果。结果表明,这3种印楝素制剂即NEEMAZAL-T/S、0.3%印楝素乳油和印楝油制剂,对番茄4种土传病原真菌,菌核菌(Sclerotium rolfsii)、立枯丝核菌(Rhizoctonia solani)、镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.radicis lycopersici)、轮枝菌(Verticillium dahliae)均具有抑制作用,在印楝素浓度为100.00mg·L-1时,NEEMAZAL-T/S对菌核菌和立枯丝核菌的抑菌率分别为44.06%、52.60%,而0.3%印楝素乳油、印楝油制剂对这两种菌的抑菌率均高达100%;NEEMAZAL-T/S、0.3%印楝素乳油和印楝油制剂对镰刀菌的抑菌率分别为12.18%、73.11%和80.67%,对轮枝菌的抑菌率分别为1.14%、70.25%和74.83%,也即3种印楝素制剂对镰刀菌和轮枝菌的抑菌率可由高到低排序为印楝油制剂、0.3%的印楝素乳油、NEEMAZAL-T/S。NEEMAZAL-T/S、0.3%印楝素乳油、印楝油制剂对菌核菌的EC50分别为142.817、0.844、0.126mg·L-1,对立枯丝核菌的EC50分别为37.727、0.526、0.099mg·L-1,0.3%印楝素乳油、印楝油制剂对镰刀菌的EC50分别为7.757、2.687mg·L-1,对轮枝菌的EC50分别为16.501、12.106mg·L-1,这表明3种印楝素制剂对菌核菌和立枯丝核菌的毒力强于对镰刀菌和轮枝菌。因此,鉴于上述3种印楝素制剂在抑菌作用上的差异性,有必要进一步进行印楝素制剂的研究开发,用以防治番茄生产过程中的主要土传病害。

The inhibition efficiency of NEEMAZAL-T/S, 0.3% azadiraehtin emulsion and neem oil on myeelium growth rates of the soil borne pathogens of tomato （Sclerotium rolfsii, Rhizoctoniasolani, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis lycoperslci and Verticillium dahliae） was determined. The results showed that all of the azadirachtin agents could inhibit the four pathogens. When the concentration of azadirachtin in all the tested agents was adjusted to 100.00 mg·L^-1, S. rolfsii and R. solani were inhibited 44.06% and 52.60% by NEEMAZAL-T/S respectively, and both were 100% inhibited by 0.3% azadiraehtin emulsion and neem oil. 12.18%, 73.11% and 80.67% of F. oxysporum f. sp. radicis lycopersici, 1.14%, 70.25% and 74.83% of V. dahliae were inhibited by NEEMAZAL-T/S, 0.3% azadiraehtin emulsion and neem oil, respectively. The control efficiency of the three agents to the pathogens followed the order as： neem oil〉0.3% azadiraehtin emulsion 〉 NEEMAZAL-T/S. EC50 of the three azadiraehtin agents were 142.817 mg·L^-1, 0.844 mg·L^-1 and 0.126 mg·L^-1 against S. rolfsii; 37.727 mg·L^-1, 0.526 mg·L^-1 and 0.099 mg·L^-1 for R. solani, respectively. EC50 of 0.3% azadiraehtin emulsion against F. oxysporum f. sp. radicis lycopersici, V. dahliae were 7.757 mg·L^-1 and 2.687 mg·L^-1; EC50 of neem oil against F. oxysporum f. sp. radicis lycopersici and V. dahliae were 16.501 mg·L^-1 and 12.106 mg·L^-1. The inhibitory ability of the three agents on S. rolfsii and R. solani was stronger than that on F. oxysporum f. sp. radicis lycopersici and V. dahliae. The inhibition effect of the three azadirachtin agents on the pathogens was significantly different, with the efficiency order ofneem oi1〉0.3% azadiraehtin emulsion〉 NEEMAZAL-T/S. So, further study is needed to study the difference of the three agents on pathogen eontrol to protect tomato production.