智障儿童基本颜色命名和分类研究

A Study on the Development of Color Naming and Color Classifying of Mentally Retarded Children

对低、中、高年级智障儿童进行了11种基本颜色的命名和分类研究。结果表明:⑴智障儿童颜色命名的正确率随着年级增长而提高,命名的先后次序为:红、黑、白、黄、绿、蓝、紫、橙、粉红、灰和棕。⑵低年级智障儿童颜色片分类中出现“亮色/暗色”和“彩色/无彩色”维度;中年级智障儿童颜色片分类中出现了“互补色/非互补色”和“单色/杂色”维度;高年级智障儿童颜色片分类中出现了“互补色/非互补色”和“亮色/暗色”维度。⑶智障儿童可以根据明度对颜色分类,语言影响智障儿童的颜色分类。

This study investigates the development of color naming and color classifying of mentally retarded children in different grades.The materials are 11 basic Chinese color terms.The results indicate that-（1）The percentage of correct color naming of 11 basic color terms increases with grade .The order of correct color naming of 11 color terms is： red, black, white, yellow, green, blue, purple, orange, pink, gray and brown; （2）There are two dimensions in semantic space of basic color terms in the low grade students：one is bright colors/dark colors, the oth. er is colorness/colorlessness. In the middle grade children, the dimensions of complementary color /uncomplementary color and monocolor/muhicolor emerge. In the high grade children, the dimensions of complementary color/uncomplementary color and bright colors/dark colors existe. （3）The retarded children can classify colors according to the brightness of colors, and language affects their color classification.