全球与地方的契合:权力与生产网络的二维治理

CONSISTENCY BETWEEN GLOBALIZATION AND LOCALIZATION: POWER AND TWO-DIMENSIONAL GOVERNMENANCE OF PRODUCTION NETWORK

企业间关键资源的不均衡引致权力关系的不对称,强势企业得以领导以其为核心的企业网络。由于生产环节的组织和地域上的可分割性,居于权力优势地位的领先公司在全球招募企业组成生产网络。全球购买型领先公司通过外包与地方生产网络建立新的关系拓扑,地方生产网络的治理以全球商品链为纽带,嵌入到以领先公司为主导的全球价值链治理体系中。全球生产型领先公司跨境投资时无法将生产网络全盘复制,以其为主导的跨界生产网络的治理需要通过各种权力的博奕和管理上的互动来实现。

Power relationship is asymmetric because of the imbalance of key resources among firms. Powerful company can become a leader in its network. Because of production process can be divisible both in organization and space, lead company can enroll firms around the world to construct its production network, and can be classified into two kinds basically, global powerful buyers and global powerful producers. By analyzing some cases in Italian（Emillia-Romagna）, Mexieo（Torreon）, Brazil （Sinos Valley）, Pakistan （Sialkot）and China （Taiwan, Suzhou）,this paper argues, through global commodity chain,the global powerful buyer builds a new power relationship typology with local production network,which is embedded into the global value chain governance system. Influenced by these global powerful buyers, the symmetric relationships are destroyed among local firms, power became asymmetric and vertical in a short term, global powerful buyer governs local production network through controlling local main supplier. When a global powerful producer does transnational investment, it can be regarded as a behavior of enlarging its dominating space. Because of the differences of inter-political, inter-culture, inter-market and so on, its production network in motherland could not be copied wholly to host country,for the same reason, the power relationships are much more complicated. By analysizing the foundation and evolution of Shanghai Volkswagen and its supplier network ,this paper advances the governance of transnational production network needs to manage interactively and game among various power relationships. And with the development of local production network, the father corporate power may be weakened.