从南京城市地理格局研究古都风貌规划

FROM THE VIEWPOINT OF GEOGRAPHICAL CONDITION TO STUDY ON THE PRESERVATION PLAN OF ANCIENT NANJING LANDSCAPE

历史时期自然地理格局对于南京古都景观形成有至关重要作用。目前我国的古都风貌保护规划往往是从建筑学角度出发,而缺少对产生历史城市的自然环境变迁分析,以及相应的从地理研究角度的古都风貌保护规划。探查地理系统中的历史城市起源和发展的山水脉络,这对研究城市持续发展与特色继承有重要作用。现代南京城市发展支离破碎地分解了历史上的连绵山峦整体,河流水系网络已经断断续续。顺延山峦与河流脉络调查分析古都遗址是本文研究思路。本篇探讨以地理景观分析并规划形成南京古都风貌保护的地理格局网络:以连绵丘岗山系、河流城濠为骨干,保持山体轮廓的连续性,河流水网的完整性;以自然山水地形为纽带贯通各自相对独立的历史遗迹;以明朝城垣、历史街区为网络,以及分散在各地的重点建筑保护范围,构成完整的古都风貌保护的格局。

Geography was the most stability, continue and lasting forces for the cityscape. It supplied a city for the establishment and development condition. Usually the planning of cityscapes is only limited in the architectural space, from buildings, streets and blocks to whole city. My research is from the viewpoint of geography system to study on the historical changes of the cityscape. Nanjing originated at 2500 years ago with ten dynasties once established their capitals in the place. Nanjing＇s geographical condition is composed by three mountain ranges： the first range was along the Yangtze River, with fortress and castles built on it. Stone City was the most well known castle. The second intruded into inside Nanjing Region with defense wall, villas, palace and gardens built on it. The third was located at south of Nanjing for temples and tourism. The Yangtze River serviced as the geographical defense line. Two branch rivers, Qinghuai River and Jinchuan River, formed two plains in south and north region. Three lakes, Xuanwu, Muochou and Yanque lakes were summer palaces or military training sites. The ideas behind Nanjing＇s landscape planning from its origins through development depended on the natural environment of mountains and rivers.With the rapid expansion of Nanjing in recent years, the urban have gradually abandoned the original background of wild nature. The mountain ranges that formed ＂Emperor＇s Capital Atmosphere＂ in its history have been heavenly destroyed and separated. My research study on as following ideas： 1）Alone on the mountains and rivers system to analysis on the historical charactereristics of nature and man construction. Investigation historical traces alone the rivers and mountains ranges. 2）Alone on the mountains and rivers system to analysis on present situation of the natural landscape areas. 3） Alone on the mountains and rivers system to plan the cityscape into a whole landscape system. 4） Distinguish the landmark in historical geography to preserve the characteristics of the cityscape. 5） Geographical landscape planning; let traditional preservation and urban planning to expand into geographical system.