美国巨灾政府保险项目研究及其对我国的启示

巨灾风险,一般包括地震、洪水和飓风等重大自然灾害,因其存在逆向选择、风险过于集中、预期损失难以估测等特点,在保险理论上往往被视为不可保风险,因而出现市场失灵。美国联邦和各州政府通过实施类别齐全的巨灾政府保险项目,一定程度上解决了私营保险市场上巨灾保险可供性和可负担性的问题。借鉴美国的经验,我国应建立承保风险一体化的、风险融资渠道多层次的、由私营保险公司主办的、由政府大力支持的、可持续发展的巨灾保险体系。

Catastrophe insurance usually includes major natural disasters such as earthquake, flood and hurricane, etc. For the propensity of adverse selection, risk concentration and difficult estimate of loss, these disasters are classified as uninsurable in insurance theories, which lead to the issue of market failure. The Federal government of the United States and various state governments have solved the issue of catastrophe insurance supply and affordability in the private insurance market to some extent by implementing a full range of government catastrophe insurance projects. Learning from the American experiences, China should establish an integrated, multi-layered, sustainable catastrophe insurance system operated by commercial insurance companies with strong government support.