滇池草海东风坝水域生态修复技术工程应用

Application Project of Ecological Restoration Technology in Dongfengba in Caohai of Dianchi Lake

本文介绍了我院最新开发的湖泊生态修复集成技术包括湖滨陡坎沿岸带基底修复技术、植物浮岛生态技术、入湖河渠污染控制技术和湖滨沿岸带大型水生植物群落恢复技术在滇池草海东风坝及老干鱼塘水域生态修复工程的实际应用情况，本项目在滇池草海约3．3km。水面实现了大型水生植物恢复面积约1．0km^2，在湖滨带形成由挺水植物、浮叶植物、浮水植物及沉水植物等不同植被类型组成的生态结构，大型水生植物覆盖率达30％，恢复水生植物共计20余种，栖息的水禽及鸟类目前已达27种，生物多样性显著提高，呈现出郁郁葱葱、生机勃勃的景象，生态修复区良性水生植被生态系统已经初步建立，湖泊自然生态环境和水质得到了明显改善，水体透明度增幅约为65％-70％，TN和TP去除率约为30％，取得了良好的环境和社会效益，为滇池及超富营养化湖泊的生态修复提供了宝贵的经验和工程示范。

This paper introduces the integrated technology of ecological restoration of lakes, which was developed recently by our institute. It consists of technologies of foundation rehabilitation of lakeshore with steep bank, making float-island of plants, the pollution control of rivers flowing into lakes and restoration of macro-hydrophyte in lakeshore as well as their application in Dongfengba and Laogan fish pond in Caohai of Dianchi Lake. 1.0 km2 of macro-hydrophyte was restored in 3.3 km^2 of water area and an ecological structure has been formed in the lakeshore with different species of plants such as emerging plants, floating leaf plants, and submerged plants, etc. The covering rate of macro-hydrophyte reaches 30%, in which about 20 species of macrophyte are restored. There are 27 waterfowls and birds staying. Therefore the biodiversity is improved significantly. Positive hydrophyte ecosystem has been basically constructed and natural eco-surroundings and water quality has been improved obviously in the ecological restoration area. The water transparency increases by 65% - 70%, and the removal rate of TN and TP reach 30% respectively. Through the ecological restoration engineering good environmental and social benefits were gained. As a demonstration of ecological restoration for super-eutrophicated lakes like Dianchi Lake, it provides valuable experiences.