联邦主义理论与我国的国家结构

On paradigm of federalism and China’s state structure

联邦主义的理论范式是一种处理国家间关系、国家内中央政府与地方政府关系的重要政治理念与原则,它主要体现为政治联邦主义与财政联邦主义。其中,政治联邦主义又体现为英国的社会联邦主义、德国的行政联邦主义、美国的宪政联邦主义和前苏联的民族联邦主义。我国的民族区域自治制度、"一国两制"制度和分税制都在一定程度上契合了联邦主义的理论精神。以联邦主义理论为参照,建立地方自治制度可能会成为今后我国地方制度发展完善的主要方向。

The theoretical paradigm of federalism is an important political idea and principle to deal with relationship between states and relationship between central government and local governments in a state, which is mainly embodied in political federalism and fiscal federalism. The political federalism is incarnated as social federalism in UK, administrative federalism in Germany, constitutional federalism in the USA and national federalism in the former Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. In a certain extent, the systems of national and regional autonomy, ＇one country, two systems＇ and tax division in China correspond to the theoretical principles of federalism. Referring to the theory of federalism, the authors believe that establishing system of local autonomy may become the main way of developing and perfecting local system in China.