人民调解前置制度之反思——以民事程序选择权为讨论的出发点

The Right of Choice of Civil Procedure and the Leading Procedure of The People's Mediation

民事程序选择权是程序主体性原则和处分原则的要求,纠纷解决方式选择权是民事程序选择权的首要内容。民事程序选择权是当事人一项的基本程序权利,而调解前置制度的设置实际上是对纠纷当事人程序选择权(纠纷解决方式选择权)的一种限制。立法是否设置调解前置,在什么范围内设置调解前置,体现了立法在对自由价值和效率价值衡平之后的结果。我国尚不具备实行人民调解前置的条件,而且该制度的实施也缺乏必要性。

The right of choice of civil procedure comes from the principle of civil procedure subjectivity and the principle of disposition. The right of choice of dispute settlement is the first important part of the right of choice of civil procedure which is a basic procedural right of the parties. The leading procedure of mediation is a restriction on the right of choice of civil procedure （the right of choice of dispute settlement）. It is a rational determination between the value of freedom and the value of efficiency that the leading procedure of mediation is regulated in law or not and what range the leading procedure is regulated in. In present China, it is not necessary or practicable to regulate the leading procedure of the people＇s mediation.