日本宪法上的知情权与信息公开法

The Right of Knowing and the Law of Information Publication in Constitutional Law of Japan

对日本信息公开法上的知情权的宪法依据,日本法学界认识不一致。一些学者认为宪法第21条规定的"表现的自由"等条款为知情权的宪法依据,也有学者认为宪法序言中"国民主权"表述为知情权依据。信息公开法未使用"知情权"概念,而强调"国民主权"和政府的"说明责任"。国民主权与知情权属不同层次的概念,在法律条文中同时出现并不矛盾。为保护和发展公民权利,"知情权"应当在信息公开法中得到确认。

It varies among Japanese legal circle on the constitutional support of the fight of knowing in the Law of Information Publication of Japan. It is believed by some scholars that ＂the Freedom of Expression＂ in Article of the constitutional law, together with other clauses, are the constitutional basis of the fight of knowing; while according to other scholars＇ opinion, it is ＂National Sovereign＂ in the prologue of constitutional law that should be the foundation of it. The concept of ＂the fight of knowing＂ is not involved in the law of Information Publication; while ＂National Sovereign＂ and ＂Explanation Obligation＂ are emphasizes. National sovereign and the right of knowing, belonging to different aspacts respectively, are writtrn in the same legal provisions, but not in contradiction. For the protection and development of civilions＇ right, ＂the right of knowing＂ should be affirmed in the law of Information Publication.