《楚辞》忧患意识原论——兼与《诗经》忧患意识比较

THE COMMENT ON THE CONSCIOUSNESS OF WORRY IN CHU CI

《诗经》、《楚辞》是两部充满忧患意识的早期诗集。以屈原为代表的《楚辞》承继《诗经》精神,尤其深受《诗经》大、小《雅》贵族士人忧国忧民思想之影响,其忧患意识约有八端:自修之忧恐,不遇之忧思,育才之忧患,颓风之忧叹,遭诬之忧愤,疏放之忧怨,民瘼之忧伤,国难之忧戚,而其忧患之焦点则在于“忧国忧民”。《诗经》与《楚辞》忧患意识的本质相似,而其内涵与形态则有差异。《诗经》表现为:人称多样,无主名,集体性,句短情促,多用复句与赋比兴手法,个人、家庭、社会忧患层面丰富,多呈平民化色彩;《楚辞》表现为:诗人直抒胸臆,有主名,独立性,句长情婉,多用香草美人比兴象征手法,集中抒发忧国忧民情怀,属贵族阶层身份。《诗经》、《楚辞》共同奠树了我国文学忧患意识的里程碑,对后世影响甚大。在21世纪,我们应当继承忧患意识优良传统,为治理环境污染、保护自然生态、维护世界和平等伟大事业作出新贡献。

The Book of,Songs and Chu Ci are the early poetries of consciousness of worry. Chu Ci which is well presented in Qu Yuan＇s works inherits the spirit of The Book of Songs. Aristocrats worry of their motherlands and people in Shi Jin greatly affects the composition of Chu Ci. Such consciousness are eight categories： the consciousness of retrospection, the abandoning of the leaders, education of the youth, the decline in moral, the false charge, exile, the hardship of people, risks of the country. All the categories focus on the worry of people and nation. Although the essences are similar in the two poetries, the expressive ways and contents are different. In The Book of Songs, multi-addressing, collectivism, poems without the poets names, short sentences and urgent feelings, frequent use of compound sentences and writing techniques ofFu Bi Xin are taken into use in a plain way; It is quite the contrary in Chu Ci which is unique for authors comparing grass to beauty, and all the expressions and contents well match Qu＇s aristocratic identity. The Book of Songs and Chu Ci are the milestones of the descriptions in Chinese literature, and greatly affect the latecomers. In 21th century, we should inherit such consciousness and make new contributions to the cause of anti-pollution, protection of ecology and peacekeeping activity.