论梁启超对小说功用的理论创新

ON THEORETICAL INNOVATION TO THE FUNCTION OF NOVEL BY LIANG QI-CHAO

中国小说功用观由传统的消闲“小道”转变为现代的“启蒙”与“救亡”的“大道”,梁启超是功不可没的第一人。梁启超对小说功用的理论创新体现在两点,一是阐发了“小说有不可思议之力支配人道”,二是提出了“小说为文学之最上乘”的观念。其小说功用观内蕴“势力”与“效力”两个范畴,“势力”是梁启超从小说之体出发,发现小说具有作用于人心的潜在力量,它具体表现为小说具有“理想派与写实派”两种文体功能和“熏浸刺提”四种力。“效力”特指小说“势力”作用于“社会心理”而产生的影响,这种影响包括国民思想、性格、信仰、精神等,也包括社会道德、风俗、民族心理等等。

Liang Qichao made great contribution to the change of function of the Chinese fiction from entertainment to enlightenment. His innovation to the function of fiction in theory lies in the two parts, one is that he found fiction has incredible power to dispose of humanity, and the second is that he raised the concept, that fiction is the most artistic types of literature text. Liang Qichao＇ s novel function outlook is consist of the ＂ energy＂ and the ＂effect＂. The ＂ energy＂ is a potential power coming from the fiction body, it takes the form of novels with two categories of functions, ＂the ideal school＂ and ＂the realist school＂ and the four powers of edification, soaking, stimulation and upgrade. ＂Effect＂ refers novel ＂energy＂ to the ＂psycho-social＂ impact of including national ideology, character, belief, spirit, and also including social ethics, customs, national psychological, etc.