土家族“犀牛”图腾崇拜体现的生命意识与儒家伦理思想研究——以渝东南湘鄂渝黔边区酉水流域为例

Research into life consciousness and Confucius ethics thoughts embodied by Tujia Nationality rhinoceros totem worship——Taking the border of Hunan,Hubei,Chongqing and Guizhou in southeast Chongqing as an example

土家族犀牛图腾崇拜体现了儒家伦理思想的生命意识、和谐思想、厚生意蕴、佑民情怀,这在湘鄂渝黔交界处的渝东南土家族文化、文学、田野材料及《同治增修酉阳直隶州总志》、《白氏族谱》等史志文献都有表现。土家族地区如渝东南酉水流域广布"犀牛"图腾崇拜、神秘葬俗,犀牛望月、犀牛潭、犀牛洞土司坟、犀牛救民,犀牛地莽母佑子孙等民俗事象,大量出现在民间文学中,世代相传,值得深究。

Tujia Nationality＇s rhinoceros worship embodies core requirement of Confucius thought such as life consciousness, harmonious thought, improving living condition and helping the people, which are expressed in records of history and literatures of the materials of Tujia Nationality culture, literature, field survey and so on at the border of Hunan, Hubei, Chongqing and Guizhou in southeast part of Chongqing and Total Historian Records of Youyang State at Tongzhi Emperor Period and Bai Family Tree. Civil literatures contain a lot of folk customs such as rhinoceros totem worship, mysterious funeral, rhinoceros looking at the moon, rhinoceros pool, rhinoceros hole, headman tomb at rhinoceros hole, rhinoceros saving the people, and rhinoceros buried under the earth for protecting young generations in Tujia Nationality areas such as southeast part of Chongqing, which are passed on generation by generation.