河池市居民营养与健康状况调查

Survey on Nutrition and Health Status of Hechi Residents

目的了解广西河池市居民膳食营养状况,为制订营养改善策略提供科学依据。方法运用多阶分层整群随机抽样法,抽取3个社区进行膳食营养与健康状况调查。共调查542户,1629人。依国家卫生部、科技部和统计局2002年组织的“中国居民营养与健康状况调查”统一标准,用称重法获每家庭连续3d调味品消费量;24h回顾法获得每人各类食物进食量;测量身高、体重和测定血红蛋白、血糖、血脂等。结果河池市居民每标准人日摄能量为10655.8kJ,达中国营养学会中国居民营养素推荐摄入量(RNIs)的106.0%;蛋白质、脂肪日摄入量分别为87.0、97.8g,分别占日摄能量的13.9%和35.2%;视黄醇当量、核黄素和硫胺素日摄入量分别为849.3μg、1.1mg、1.2mg,分别达RNIs的104.4%、77.6%和89.6%;钙、铁、钠日摄入量分别为454.1、26.1和5228.6mg,分别为适宜摄入标准(AI)的47.6%、142.6%和238.1%;动物性食物提供的蛋白质占50.9%;脂肪中动物性脂肪占58.4%;营养不良率为9.1%,贫血率为10.3%,肥胖率为2.9%,超重率为15.5%。结论河池市居民日常膳食中能量、蛋白质摄入量,视黄醇、核黄素和硫胺素摄入量基本达标,但脂肪提供能量偏高,有明显的由低脂膳食向高脂膳食转变的趋势。且仍存在一定程度的营养不良率及贫血率。提示河池市居民面临营养不足和营养不平衡两个挑战。

Objective To investigate the dietary and nutritional profile of the residents of Hechi city, and to find out the influencing factors on nutrition and health status for the policy making of public health of Hechi. Methods A total of 542 households including 791 men and 838 women were selected from 4 communities by stratified multistage randomized cluster sampiing. The salt intake was assessed by weighed-intake for 3 days and the diet was assessed using 24-h descriptive food record. The medical examination and laboratory test including height, weight, hemoglobin, blood sugar and cholesterol were also carried out on these people. Results Intake of energy was10 655.8 kJ per reference per day, accounting for 106.0% of reference nutrient intake （RNI）. The intake of protein and fat per day was 87.0 g and 97.8 g, providing 13.9% and 35.2% energy respectively..The intake of retinol, riboflavin and oryzanin was 849.3μgRE, 1.1 mg, 1.2 mg, accounting for 104.4%, 77.6% and 89. 6% RNI respectively. The intake of calcium, iron and sodium was 454.1, 26. 1 and 5228.6 mg, accounting for 47.6%, 142.6% and 238.1% of AI respectively; Animal protein accounted for 50.9% of whole protein, and animal fat for 58.4% of whole fat respectively. The incidence of malnutrition, anemia, obesity and overweight was 9.1%, 10.3%, 2.9 % and 15.5% respectively. Conclusion The survey of nutritional and health status revealed that the intake of energy, protein is met with the basic requirement, and the intake of retinol, riboflavin and oryzanin is also adequate. The percentage of energy derived from fat is high, indicating the trend of changing the low fat diet to high fat diet. The incidence of malnutrition and anemia still maintain at a high level, suggesting the coexistence of malnourishment and unbalance intake of nutrients among the residents of Hechi.