注意缺陷多动障碍儿童临床特点及长期服用哌甲酯的安全性

Clinical Characteristics of Children with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Security of Taking Ratalin over Long Time

目的通过对注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)儿童临床分型、治疗前后脑电图(EEG)监测,探讨儿童ADHD临床特点及长期服用哌甲酯的安全性。方法将2005年1月～2006年6月首都儿科研究所附属儿童医院神经内科确诊的ADHD患儿121例,予哌甲酯10～20mg/d口服,观察6～18个月。于治疗前及治疗后3、6个月予ADHD评定量表-Ⅳ-父母版(ADHDRS-IV-Parent:Inv)、临床总体印象-总体严重度量表(CGI-ADHD-S)行疗效评定,治疗前、治疗后6个月行EEG检查。结果1.分型特点:ADHD121例中ADHD-I56例,ADHD-C54例,ADHD-HI11例,分别占46.3%、44.6%、9.1%;2.男女患儿发病比:男104例,女17例;男女比例为6.11;3.疗效及EEG:哌甲酯治疗有效者85例(有效率70.2%);治疗前、治疗后6个月EEG检查均未见异常。结论女性ADHD患儿少于男性。临床主要以学习困难为主述,以注意力缺陷型为主;哌甲酯长期服用对ADHD患儿EEG无影响。

Objective To discuss clinical characters in children with attention - deficit hyperactivity disorder （ADHD） and analyze of security of taking Ritalin over long time by clinical classification of children with ADHD and electroencephalogram （EEG） evaluation before and after therapy. Methods One hundred and twenty - one children diagnosed as ADHD from Jan. 2005 to Jun. 2006 in our hospital, who took Ratalin 10 - 20 mg/d, were observed for 6 - 18 months. The ADHD RS - Ⅳ - Parent ： Inv, CGI - ADHD - S and EEG of the patients were eva- luated. Results 1. Classification characteristics： in 121 ADHD patients, ADHD -I account for 44.6% and ADHD - HI account for 9.1% ;2. Ratio of male and female patient was 6.1 ： 1 ; 3. Curative effect and EEG： Ritalin was effective to 85 of 121 patients,and EEG was normal in the patients before and after therapy. Conclusions Girls are less than boys in ADHD patients. The main characteristics are learning disabilities and attention -dificit problem. Long -term taking Ritalin has no influence on patients＇ curative effect and EEG.