玉米组合及其株叶性状对间穴大豆的影响

EFFECTS OF CORN HYBRIDS AND THEIR PLANT AND LEAF CHARACTERS ON INTERCROPPED SOYBEAN

采用10个玉米杂交组合与大豆间穴种植,研究玉米组合及其株叶性状与大豆产量和经济性状的关系。结果表明:不同玉米组合对间穴大豆的产量影响极显著;大豆的单株产量与间穴玉米的株高和穗位高呈正相关,与间穴玉米灌浆期单株叶面积和穗位上部叶面积呈负相关,与玉米穗位下部叶面积呈显著的负相关;从相关系数来看,玉米叶面积对大豆经济性状的不良影响是,穗位下部叶面积>单株叶面积>上部叶面积;玉米株型对大豆单株产量和经济性状的不良影响程度是平展型玉米略小于半直立型玉米。大豆植株顶部和基部相对光照强度与间穴玉米的株高和穗位高呈不显著的正相关,与玉米的叶面积呈不显著的负相关。玉米株型和叶面积分布不同,对行间地面和穴间的光照强度有不同的影响。因此,大豆与玉米间穴种植和间行种植应选用不同株叶性状的玉米品种。

The trial of intercropping ten corn hybrids and one soybean variety with interval holes was carried out to research the effect of plant and leaf characters of corn on intercropped soybean. The results were as follow： （1） Influence of varied corn hybrids on the yield of intercropped soybean had a significant difference. （2） The yield per plant of the soybean was positively correla- tive with the plant height and ear position of corn hybrids,negatively correlative with leaf area per plant and leaf area above ear of corn,and significantly and negatively correlative with leaf area under ear of corn. （3） The bad influence of corn leaf area on the yield characters of soybean was leaf area under ear 〉 leaf area per plant 〉 leaf area above ear based on the correlation coefficients. （4） The bad influence of level plant type of corn on the yield and yield characters of soybean was a bit less than that of half upright plant type of corn. （5） The relative illumination intensity above and under soybean were positively correlative with the plant height and ear position of corn, and negatively correlative with leaf area of corn. The illumination intensity between rows and the illumination intensity between holes were differently influenced by plant types and leaf area distribu- tion of corn, so the plant and leaf characters of corn varieties intercropped with soybean in interval holes are different from that intercropped with soybean in interval rows.