大豆超高产育种研究

STUDY ON SOYBEAN BREEDING FOR SUPER HIGH-YIELDING

我国大豆每公顷产量仅为1.83 t,比国外大豆主产国家低0.7～0.9 t.我国近几年每年进口2 500～2 700万吨.显著超过我国大豆总产,我国大豆年总产为1 700万吨左右.因此,提高大豆单产增加大豆总产是大豆产业的主要任务.通过过去15年的工作,利用杂交育种育成了超过4.5 t/hm^2的大豆品种3个：中黄13、中黄19和中黄35,其中中黄13在2003年已成为关内各省推广面积最大的大豆品种,2005年已推广22.4万公顷,居全国第三.

In China average yield of soybean is 1.83 t/hm^2, it was lower 0. 7- 0. 9 t/hm^2 than main producer in the world. During the past several years China import annually above 20-26 million tons. Total annual soybean production was about 27 million tons. Main task for Chinese soybean industry is increasing of soybean production per unit and total production. Breeding on Super- high Yield of soybean is important task for soybean scientists. Through crossing breeding,mutation we developed three cultivars： Zhonghuang 13, Zhonghuang 19 and Zhonghuang 35. Zhonghuang 13 released 224 000 hm^2 in 2005 year,it occupied first place in Northern China, and third place in whole China. Ministry of Agriculture of PRC announced Zhonghuang 13 as main soybean cultivar for release in China during 2005-2007 years.