福州地区真菌性角膜炎的流行病学特征

Epidemiology of fungal keratitis in Fuzhou

目的分析真菌性角膜炎患者的病因和流行病学特征。方法对2000年1月至2005年12月在我院确诊为真菌性角膜炎的354例患者进行回顾性分析,研究其人口特征、发病诱因、诊疗情况和病原学特征等。结果354例真菌性角膜炎中,218例(占61.6%)的患者为男性,3l～50岁是发病集中年龄,152例(占42.8%)患者的职业是农民,92例(占26.0%)患者由植物性外伤引起,秋季是高发季节,就诊史明确的患者中261例(占73.6%)在1周内就诊于各级医疗机构,而接受抗真菌治疗的仅为23.4%。分离到的真菌中镰刀菌属有163例(占66.3%),其次为曲霉菌属,有32例(占13.1%)。结论真菌性角膜炎是严重的致盲性眼病,高发于以农业生产为主的中、青年男性农民;其致病真菌以镰刀菌属和曲霉菌属为主。应改善农业生产条件,提高对该病的认识和诊断水平。

Objective To study the epidemiological characteristics and etiological diagnosis of fungal keratitis in Fuzhou. Methods A total of 354 cases of fungal keratitis from January 2000 to December 2005 were retrospectively reviewed for demographic features, risk factors, seasonal variation, treatment initiated and etiological diagnosis. Results Of the patients, 218 patients （61.6%） were male,most patients were 31-50 years old, 152 （42.8%） were peasants, and a history of vegetation-induced trauma was present in 92 patients （26.0%）. About 73.6% of the patients presented for examination during the first week of their illness but only 23.4% of the patients received antifungal medication. The spectrum of fungi isolated was the Fusarium species in 163 cases （66.3%） followed by the Aspergillus species in 32 cases （13.1%）, Conclusion Fungal keratitis is one of the most severe diseases that may lead to blindness and it occurs mainly in young male peasants who do agricultural work. The Fusarium and Aspergillus species were the main pathomycetes that caused fungal keratitis. This study was done to significantly improve the level of diagnosis and give proper treatment.