民营水保——金沙江干热河谷水土保持建设的新兴模式

A Newly Rising Model:Privates-organized Model for Soil and Water Conservation Construction in Dry-hot Valleys of Jinsha River

民营水保已发展成为金沙江干热河谷地区——云南省元谋县水土保持生态建设和农村经济发展的一支重要的生力军。民营水保一改过去“国家出钱、部门包办、群众出力”的水保建设传统模式,通过积极吸引民间资本,以市场为导向进行生产经营,有效解决了以往水保建设资金不足、水保工程破坏严重、管护困难、经济效益低下等长期困扰水保建设的问题,经济效益突出,水保成效显著。本文在回顾民营水保在云南省元谋县的产生背景、发展历程的基础上,重点介绍民营水保的主要发展形式及其特点、发展中存在的问题。元谋的水保实践表明,民营水保较好地将经济效益与生态效益结合起来,是一种具有发展前景的水土流失治理及经济发展的新兴模式,为新形势下金沙江干热河谷地区水保建设的发展提供了一条新的思路。

The Privates-organized Soil and Water Conservation （PSWC） has been a major force in soil-water conservation construction and rural economy development in Yuanmou County,Yuannan Province. PSWC has achieved both enormous economical benefits and great ecological benefits, by attracting civil capital and managing land according to market-economy＇s rules, which efficiently solve the problems used to occur in State-organized Soil and Water Conservation Projects, such as the deficiency of construction fund from governments, the poor maintenance by the collectives, the low economical benefit and the impermanency of the construction achievements. The present paper mainly deals with the development forms and features for PSWC in Yuanmou County, as well as some problems now occurring, after reviewing its background and developmental courses. The Soil-water Conservation practices proves that PSWC is a promising model for soil-water losses control and rural economy development, which combines the economical benefits with ecological benefits and is suitable to popularize in Dryhot Valleys of Jinsha River.