“南”“风”辨说

The Differences between "Nans" and "Feng"

传统《诗经》分类,二"南"归入"国风"。宋人疑经,以为孔子时代无"国风"之名,只有乐名"南"、"雅"、"颂";于是倡"南"独立于"风"外之说,自宋至今未有定论。本文辨说"南"与"风"为同音假借,"南"就是"风",记乐时代用"南",说诗时代用"风"。在诗教传承中"南"演化为"风",在音乐传承中"南"又派生出"乱"、"盐"、"艳"等音乐名词。

According to the traditional classification of The Book of Songs （ 《诗经》）, two ＂Nans＂（ 南 ） are included in ＂Guo Feng＂（ 国风）. The scholars in the Song Dynasty thought there was no ＂Guo Feng＂ in the time of Confucius, but only the music names of ＂Nan＂ （ 南 ）, ＂Ya＂ （雅）, ＂Song＂ （ 颂 ）. They held the theory that ＂Nan＂ was independent of ＂Feng＂. No final conclusion has yet been reached on this matter since the Song Dynasty. This article argues that ＂Nan＂ and ＂Feng＂ are homo-phonetic loan characters. ＂Nan＂ and ＂Feng＂ are the one and the same thing. ＂Nan＂ was used for music, while ＂Feng＂ was used in the time of poetry. ＂Nan＂evolved to ＂Feng＂ in the history of poetry, while in the evolution of music, ＂Nan＂ derived into other music names such as ＂Luan＂ （乱）, ＂Yan＂（ 盐）, ＂Yan＂ （艳）, etc.