集合种群受生境破坏影响的新模型及其生态效应研究

Indirect effects of habitat destruction on model ecosystems

从两物种竞争模型出发,提出了集合种群上3物种的食物网机制,构造了一个捕食者和两个猎物(似然竞争)受生境破坏影响的新模型;基于微分动力系统的数值模拟和网格模型的元胞自动机模拟,研究了生境破坏对集合种群动态的影响．结果发现:集合种群似然竞争模型系统对生境破坏非常敏感,生境破坏导致了更不稳定的动态,而且发现具有较小捕食者侵占率的猎物受生境破坏影响较大,进而表明了猎物对捕食者的敏感度与受生境破坏的影响之间存在负藕联关系;适当的生境破坏有利于劣势物种的生存;捕食者通过猎物受到生境破坏的间接影响,而且在生境破坏生态过程中捕食者是脆弱的．该研究结果为物种续存和生物多样性保护提供了理论依据．

We developed a mean field metapopulation model to study the effect of habitat destruction on one predator-two preys （apparent competition） system. In this paper, by considerable numerical simulation, we investigated the effect of habitat destruction on the dynamics of metapopulation. We obtained the following results： first, the system is sensitive to habitat destruction and the prey which has a lower occupation rate due to the predator is more affected by habitat destruction. This shows that there occurs a trade-off between the sensitivity of prey to predator and the effect of habitat destruction; second, suitable habitat destruction favors the survival of inferior species; and finally, the predator suffers no direct damage from habitat destruction, though vulnerable to habitat destruction. These results provide theoretical basis for species persistence and biodiversity conservation.