环境法学与民法学的范式整合

Paradigm Adjustment of Environmental Law and Civil Law

环境法与民法进行对话的实质,是个人主义与整体主义两种理论范式之间的对话。环境法与民法在问题意识、历史视阈、世界图景、思维方式以及价值规范上存有重大冲突,实际上是民法采取的个人主义理论范式与环境法采取整体主义理论范式之间的差异所导致。环境法学与民法学对话的必要性源自环境问题构成现代法学普遍面临的现实挑战,更深层次原因源自环境法学与民法学自身的范式危机。环境法与民法进行对话涉及现有法律体系下,二者如何界分领域、分工;涉及面对同一现实问题时,如何对两种法律解决方案做出选择。环境法学与民法学对话的目的旨在实现环境法学与民法学的范式重构和范式整合;环境法学与民法学对话有利于环境法学和民法学拓宽视阈、转换思路、价值重构、方法更新。在环境法学与民法学双向互动的对话中,环境法学旨在借助民法的理论范式审视环境问题,为解决环境问题探寻新的出路;民法学的目的是研究环境问题如何影响了民法、民法学,而这恰是民法典立法急欲从环境法中获得的启示。界定环境法与民法,应尝试在新的法律部门划分理论下进行,应淡化“领域定性”观念而代之以“问题定性”观念;为解决环境问题,环境法与民法需要合作,以“公序良俗原则”为联结点,确立了二者在调整范围上的界分。

The dialogue between Environmental Law and Civil Law i s a hot issue in law studies, which reflects the dialogue between the individualism paradigm and holism paradigm. Environmental Law and Civil Law are sharply different from e ach other in issues consciousness, history horizon, world map, thinking mode, an d value regulations, which results from the two paradigms. The necessity of the dialogue lies in the challenge of present environmental issues and the crisis of the paradigms. The dialogue relates with the present law system, the division o f the domain, and the choice of the solution, which is helpful to widen the hori zon, to change idea, to reconstruct value, and to renew methodology. In the proc ess of mutual interactive dialogue, the purpose of Environmental Law is to find the answer to solve environmental issues by means of the theoretical paradigm of Civil Law. Whereas, the aim of the Civil Law is to understand how environmental problems have effect on civil issues, which is the inspiration that the Civil C ode can benefit from. How to define Environmental Law and Civil Law, it is neces sary to divide them based on the new division theory of law branches. The idea o f defining them by domain should be replaced by the idea of defining them by iss ues. To solve environmental issues, it is important to adjust Environment al Law and Civil Law based on the principle of Public Order and to redefine them.