广西十万大山国家级自然保护区植物区系研究

Research on plant flora of Shiwandashan Mountain National Natural Reserve in Guangxi

根据实地调查及历史文献资料整理结果,统计分析了广西十万大山国家级自然保护区植物区系的特征。结果表明:(1)保护区植物种类多样性丰富,区系地位重要,已知维管束植物219科912属2 233种(含变种、亚种和变型),其中蕨类植物30科76属150种,裸子植物8科9属16种,被子植物181科827属2 067种;(2)区系特有性强,单种及寡种的属极为丰富,中国特有科1科,特有属9属;(3)区系起源古老,珍稀濒危植物多,有国家重点保护野生植物15种,其中Ⅰ级重点保护植物2种,Ⅱ级重点保护植物13种;(4)居热带与亚热带过渡区,区系热带边缘性明显,热带性质与温带性质属数之比值(即R/T)为4.56;(5)区系以木本植物占优势(种数占47.5%),藤本植物占一定比例(13.6%),雨林植物景观突出。总的来说,十万大山国家级自然保护区植物区系,具有古热带植物区-马来西亚植物亚区-北部湾地区的区系特点,但表现出明显的热带北缘性质。

The statistics and analysis of the flora of Shiwandashan Mountain National Natural Reserve is reported in this paper. The results indicate as follow. （1） The flora of Shiwandashan Mountain National Natural Reserve is characterized with rich species and it is now known that there are 2 233 species （including varieties, subspecies and forms） which belong to 912 genera and 219 families. Of all the plants,there are 150 species of fern plants, belonging to 76 genera and 30 families; 16 species of gymnosperm, belonging to 9 genera and 8 families;2 067 species of angiosperm,belonging to 827 genera and 181 families. （2） There are rich endemic elements in this area with 1 Chinese endemic family and 9 Chinese endemic genera. The genera of single-species and few-species account for high percentage of the total genera. （3） The flora derives from ancient origin,the rare and endangered plants are abundant. There are 15 species belonging to the national key protected wild plants,among which 2 species belong to the first class national key protected plants,and 13 species belong to the second class national key protected plants. （4） The reserve is in transitional region of tropical zone and subtropical zone, and the flora shows conspicuous characteristics of the tropical margin. About floristic elements of genera, tropic elements are slightly higher than temperate elements,and R/T is 4. 56. （5） This area has characteristics of dominant woody plants （percentage of 47.5%） and the species of vines make up 13.6% ,besides the forest landscape is remarkable. In a word,the plant flora of Shiwandashan Mountain National Natural Reserve shows a flora characteristic of Paleotropical Kingdom-Malaysian forest flora-Tonkin-Gulf floristic region,and the forest flora also shows characters of marginal tropics.