眼部传输及生物流体力学

Ocular biofluid mechanics and transport

眼睛是光转换的视觉器官,因此通常不考虑将其作为一个生物力学结构。然而眼睛是眼内肌和眼外肌构成的压力系统,同时复杂的眼内血管系统构成流体和溶合物的传导系统。眼睛的生物力学研究包括很多内容,有近期和远期问题,以及常见的病症诸如青光眼、黄斑变性、视网膜病变、近视和老花眼等病症。该综述中将介绍有关眼睛的生物力学和传输问题,如眼内的血液流动,房水动力学,眼角膜的传输,透过Bruch膜的传输,巩膜的渗透性及药物在眼中的传输等问题,并提出了有待解决的一些问题。

The eye transduces light, and we usually do not think of it as a biomechanical structure. Yet it is actually a pressurized, thick-walled shell that has an internal and external musculature, a remarkably complex internal vascular system, dedicated fluid production and drainage tissues, and a variety of specialized fluid and solute transport systems. Biomechanics is particularly involved in accommodati- on （focusing near and far）, as well as in common disorders such as glaucoma, macular degeneration, myopia, and presbyopia. In this review, we give a （necessarily brief） overview of many of the interes- ting biomechanical aspects of the eye, such as blood flow in the eye, aqueous humor dynamics, trans- port within the cornea, transport across Bruch＇s membrane, scleral permeability and drug delivery to the eye and so on, concluding with a list of open problems.