海上多波多分量地震采集综述

Overview of Marine Multi-wave and Multi-component Seismic Acquisition

从海上多波多分量的概念入手,论述较成熟的海上多波多分量地震勘探的采集系统——四分量海底电缆(简称4COBC)采集系统,主要包括:记录子系统、震源子系统、电缆子系统、声学子系统、综合导航子系统和质控子系统。该系统已成功地应用于国外北海地区Alba油田和国内中海油在南海西部莺歌海盆地的勘探中。Alba油田由纵波和横波的联合地震反演提高了对储层特性的认识,降低了不确定性并得到了改进的模型模拟,近期还增加了(100～200)×106bbl的储量(油当量)。四分量地震在莺歌海盆地浅层气藏勘探中的应用效果非常好,在中深层岩性和含气性预测等方面的应用也已取得了初步的效果,地震资料的分辨率和信噪比均较高。通过对该技术关键设备的调研,对国内海上多波多分量采集技术的发展提出了建议。

This paper introduces the concept of marine multi-wave and multi-component at first, discussing the mature marine multi-wave and multi- component acquisition system (or 4C OBC), which mainly consists of six sub systems: recording, source, cable, acoustics, navigation, and quality control. This system has been successfully applied in the exploration of Alba Oilfield in European North Sea and Yinggehai Basin west of South China Sea conducted by CNOOC. In Alba Oilfield, the seismic inversion of both longitudinal and shear waves makes it possible to improve reservoir characterization, reduce uncertainties, and obtain a better simulated model. Furthermore, the reserves has been increased by 100~200million barrels of oil equivalent. M4C has had good achievements in shallow gas exploration and has been applied to predict the lithology and gas-bearing properties of middle-deep formations. The resolution and signal-to-noise ratio of seismic data are high. This paper investigates the key equipment of the technique and it finally puts forward some proposals about the development of marine multi-wave and multi-component acquisition techniques in China.