居室装修后空气污染状况调查及危害分析

SURVEY ON AIR POLLUTION AFTER INDOOR DECORATION AND ITS DAMAGE

[目的]探讨装修后居室空气污染及对策。[方法]选择锦州市装修的23户家庭在装修后的1月、3月、6月进行室内空气采样,测定室内空气中甲醛、苯的浓度,同时对家庭成员装修前后眼及呼吸系统的不良反应进行流行病学调查。[结果]室内空气甲醛浓度超标1.9倍以上,苯超标4.25～12.4倍。装修后室内空气污染物浓度随时间的延长呈下降趋势。家庭成员中流泪和打喷嚏、支气管炎或咳嗽、哮喘、头晕的阳性率在装修前分别为0%、3.5%、3.5%、0%,装修后上升至7.1%、8.2%、7.1%、8.2%。[结论]室内装修可导致室内空气中甲醛和苯系物污染,污染程度与装修的复杂程度成正比,并与装修材料的质量有关,装修还导致家庭成员眼部及呼吸系统的不良反应阳性率上升。

[Objective] To explore the situation of air pollution after indoor decoration and the countermeasures. [Methods] Air samples on the months of 1. 3, 6 after indoor decoration were collected from 23 households to detect the densities of formaldehyde and benzene. Meanwhile, an epidemiological survey on adverse reactions of eyes and respiratoly system of family members were eondueted. [ Result] The concentration of formaldehyde in door air was 1.9 more times higher than the standard. and the concentration of benzene was 4.25-12.4 more ti,nes than the standard. The degree of air pollution declined with the time. After indoor decoration, the incidence of tearing, sneezing, bronchitis, cough, asthma and dizziness of family members increased from 0%, 3.5%, 3.5%, 0% to 7.1%, 8.2%, 7.1%, 8.2%, respectively. [Conclusions] Indoor decoration can lead to pollution of fomvaldehyde and benzene in the air, which is in proportion to eomplicacy of decoration, and is relevant to the quality of decoration materials. Deeoration ＇also resuhs in the increase of adverse reactions of eyes and respiratory system.