基于空间信息技术的煤矿区景观特征及其动态变化研究——以潞安常村矿为例

Researches on Characteristics and Dynamic Changes of Mining Coal Area Landscape Based on Spatial Information Technology——A Case Study of Changcun Mining Area

在RS和GIS支持下,以1993年、2000年和2004年TM影像为数据源,利用斑块数、斑块面积、最大斑块指数、平均分维数、周长面积比均值、香农多样性指数等景观特征指标,从多个层面对常村矿的区域景观特征及其动态变化进行了研究。结果表明:采煤是造成煤矿区景观变化的主要因素之一。煤矿区的景观格局一般是随着煤矿的开采,地表逐渐沉陷,平坦农田转化为坡耕地,沉陷农田形状变得不规则。因此,对于煤矿区来说,应采取适当的生态环境政策,来规划、设计和建设煤矿区的景观生态环境。

On the basis of RS and GIS technology, such indexes as number of patches, patch area, largest patch index, fractal dimension mean, Shannon＇s diversity index and the TM images in 1993, 2000 and 2004 were used to study the regional landscape characteristics and dynamic changes of Changcun mining area. The result shows that the mining condition is the major factor that influences on the landscape pattern of coal mining area. Landscape patters of mining area will gradually lead to subsidence of the earth~ surface and change into sloping lands. The shape of the subsided farmland is irregular. Therefore, the suitable ecological environmental policies should be taken to design and build up the landscape ecological environment around the coal mine area.