紫茎泽兰挥发性成分及抑菌活性研究

Study on the Volatile Components from Eupatorium adenophorum Spreng and its Antifungal Activity

采用索氏提取器及水蒸气蒸馏两种方法对采于不同时间、不同产地的紫茎泽兰EupatoriumadenophorumSpreng挥发性成分进行了提取,比较了两种方法的得油率、化学组成及其相对含量;采用GC-M S联用技术对其中的挥发性成分进行了分析。结果表明：同一种植物挥发性成分的组成及相对含量因提取方法不同而具有明显的差异,如贵州紫茎泽兰叶中的α-红没药醇用索式提取器提取和水蒸气蒸馏提取的相对含量分别为1.99%和7.55%;不同采集时间、不同产地及不同植物器官的化学组份及相对含量也具有明显差异,如姜黄烯（gurcumene）在不同紫茎泽兰叶或种子中的相对含量在0.41%-5.23%之间。初步的抑菌试验表明：紫茎泽兰挥发油提取液在浓度为3 000mg/kg时对4种供试真菌的抑制率均大于60%,其中对番茄灰霉菌抑制作用最强,其EC50值为580.5mg/kg。

The yield, chemical components and relative contents of essential oil extracted from Eupatorium adenophorum Spreng by Soxhlet extraction and steam distillation were compared. The volatile chemical constituents of essential soil extracted were analyzed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spetrometry. The results showed that the constituents of the volatile from the same plant and the relative contents were significantly different due to different extraction methods. For example, the relative content of α-bisabolol in leaf that collected from Guizhou was 1.99% and 7.55%, respectively, when it was extracted by Soxhlet extraction and steam distillation. The chemical components and their relative contents were significantly different in different plant organs collected at different time and in different locations. For instance, the content of gurcumene extracted from different leaf or seed in different locations was ranged from 0.41% to 5.23%. The experiment for pathogen inhibition showed that volatile oil from E. adenophorum had certain effect against four fungal pathogens tested. The inhibition rate was higher than 60% at the concentration of 3 000 mg/kg. The highest inhibition rate against Botrytis cinerea reached 80%.