秦巴山区小流域综合治理对洪水的作用过程分析

Effects of Soil and Water Conservation on Surface Runoff in Watersheds of Qinba Mountainous Region

采用小流域平行对比法，分析秦巴山区小流域的次降雨洪水过程，研究了水土保持综合治理对小流域洪水的作用过程。结果表明，水土保持综合治理能够有效地延迟峰现时间30～60min，对于不同的降雨量、降雨强度，其削减洪峰流量的程度不同。其中削减洪峰流量14％～90％，使径流系数降低25％～71％。调节降雨径流的年内分配，使枯水期流量增大，汛期流量减小。

The effects of soil and water conservation on surface runoff process in small watersheds of the Qinba mountainous region are analyzed by the parallel observation in two comparable watersheds. Comprehensive control of soil and water loss in the region can result in an increase in flood peak time by 30 ～60 min, and a decrease in runoff modulus by 25 %～71%. Its effects are different for different rainfall intensities and rainfall amounts, and it decreases flood peak value by 14 % ～ 90 %. It can also effectively retain precipitation in rainy season, and increase runoff in dry season.