米脂县退耕还林的综合效益评价与政策取向

Comprehensive Benefit Assessment on Converting Farmland to Forest and Grassland in Mizhi County

基于1998—2003年的统计数据和构建的评价指标体系,对陕北黄土高原米脂县的退耕还林工程综合效益进行定量评价与定性分析。研究结果表明,退耕还林工程的实施取得了较显著的社会、经济和生态效益。(1)人口资源变化中农业劳动力和外出劳务人口变化显著。(2)耕地面积大幅减少,13个乡镇中,耕地减少幅度大于25.37%的有9个乡镇,占总乡镇数的69%,并集中分布于米脂县东部。(3)退耕还林对米脂县国民生产总值、林业产品产值、牧业产值的增长有一定贡献,且随着退耕年数越长,贡献越大。(4)农村经济总收入增长幅度最大,其中,林业收入年平均增加53.75%。可见退耕还林有效地促进了当地林业的发展。(5)生态环境效益主要表现为水土保持治理力度大。全县水土流失、土壤侵蚀状况有了明显改善。(6)提出了加强米脂县退耕还林的总体规划,建立退耕还林长期利益保障机制,改进退耕还林操作方式等后续政策的建议。

Mizhi County, as the part of the Loess Plateau of Northern Shaanxi Province, nowadays, its environmental conditions are not suitable for economy development and environment construction. So, it is essential to go in for further study of converting farmland to forest and grassland and eco-environment construction in the county. The paper aims to assess the achievements of converting farmland to forest and grassland and accelerate the course of eco-environment construction in the underdevelopment area. Some conclusions are drawn as follows. （1） Taking the program testing information in the county from 1998 to 2003 as a study object, and taking the social, economical and ecological situations before the program testing as contrasts, the paper gives an objective evaluation to comprehensive benefits in the county. Results show that the benefits of society, economy and ecology are all enhanced effectively. （2） Converting farmland to forest and grassland has significant influences on population distribution and landuse change. Among population and land resources, the total of agriculture labor, outworking labor and arable land change rapidly. （3） Influenced by converting farmland to forest and grass land, economical benefits in the county appear increasing step by step. General domestic product and forest product will grow notably along with the applying time of converting farmland to forest and grassland. Rural economics also increases significantly. （4） Rural economic growth is the most rapid among all of industries in the county. （5） Eco-environment benefits embody in soil and water conservation effectiveness. （6） The long time protecting mechanism must be set up in order to enforce the achievements of converting farmland to forest and grassland in the county .