“妨害公务罪”若干问题研究

Some Problems of "the Crime of Disrupting Public Service"

刑法第277条不应解释为一个罪名——“妨害公务罪”,而是四个罪名;“妨害公务罪”兼具侵犯国家法益和侵犯社会法益的性质,但以前者为主;“妨害公务罪”的行为对象包括国家机关工作人员以及红十字会工作人员两类,其中人大代表也属于国家机关工作人员;“妨害公务罪”属于具体危险犯,其“暴力”从外延看包括间接暴力,从程度上看不包括造成轻伤害的情形;“妨害公务罪”中的“公务”应符合合法性条件,合法性的判断标准是法官就公务行为时的情况进行客观的判断;当行为人对公务行为的合法性发生认识错误时,阻却犯罪故意;当行为人以暴力、威胁方法阻碍国家安全工作任务时,应按照刑法第277条第1款规定定罪处罚,而不是按照同条第4款定罪处罚。

The article 277 of China＇s criminal law actually comprises four crimes instead of one——＂the crime of disrupting public service＂ ; that crime mainly violates the interests of the state and also violates those of the community at the same time; it is committed against the officials of the state organs （including the representative of people＇s congresses at all levels） and red cross staff; it is constituted as long as the conduct of disrupting public service makes a concrete danger, the ＂violence＂ that wrongdoer uses includes indirect violence, but minor injure is not enough to constitute that crime; ＂public service＂ referred to in that crime, shall be lawful and objectively judged according to the material case under which it is exercised. Where there is misunderstanding of the legality of exercising public service, the intent to commit that crime does not exist; On the other side, where the wrongdoer disrupts public service using violence or menace, he shall be punished under Section 1 instead of Section 4, Article 277.