论前秦政治制度与民族政策

On the Political System and Ethnic Policies in the Pre-Qin Dynasty

氐族苻氏在军事部落集团的基础上建立政权时,氐、羌贵族势力豪横,无君臣之体。苻生继位后,为维护和巩固脆弱的皇权,大杀酋帅重臣。而夺得大位的苻坚,更重用汉人士族王猛,继续打击朝廷和地方上违法的氐族豪强,建立起强大的专制君主制度。苻坚还实行“夷狄应和”的民族政策,采取对投降的异族贵族的优礼制和对边境异族的羁縻制。他为促进民族和解、缓和社会矛盾,而坚持抛弃民族偏见、反对民族歧视的理念是非常宝贵和值得称道的。

The clan the Fu set up the political power on the base of military tribe group, when the power of the gentle aristocracy Shi and Qiang was extended without monarchy system. After succeeding to the throne, Fusbeng began to kill the important ministers in order to defend and strengthen the weak imperial power. And Fujian, after taking his great power, put Wang Meng, a person of Han nationality, in an important position and continued to crack down the clan despots violating the laws in palace and locality and established a strongly tyrannical monarch. He carried out an ethnic policy of ＂living peaceful with different tribes in ancient China＂ and adopted preferential treatment to the surrendered foreign aristocracy and pacification policy to the foreign nationalities at frontier. His idea of promoting national unity, mitigating social contradictions, insisting on discarding the national prejudice and opposing national discrimination is valuable and praiseworthy.