小麦丰产资源的筛选与创新研究

Screening on High-yield Wheat Resources and Innovation Research

在二十余年小麦大粒、穗重资源研究与创新基础上，2000—2006年对2878份小麦种质资源进行研究，筛选出千粒重50-59．9g的大粒种质256份，占全部资源的8．9％；千粒重60—69．9g的稀有大粒种质93份，占全部资源的3．2％；千粒重70g以上的珍贵犬粒种质8份，占全部资源的0．3％。筛选出单穗重2—2．49g的穗重种质176份，占全部资源的6．1％；单穗重2．5～2．99g的稀有穗重种质83份，占全部资源的2．88％；单穗重3g以上的珍贵穗重种质19份，占全部资源的0．66％。探索出大粒、穗重型种质创新的途径是：理想株型与大粒、穗重性状相结合；保产性状与大粒、穗重性状相结合；优良品质性状与大粒、穗重性状相结合；常规技术与现代生物技术相结合。通过创新，培育出一批优良的大粒、穗重型中间材料，可为超级小麦育种提供优良的基因源，促进超级小麦育种的发展。

Based on more than 20 years of wheat big grain and spike weight resource innovation research, we selected 256 big grain germplasm accounting for 8.9% , 93 rare big grain germplasm accouting for 3.2% , 8 large grain resources accounting for 0.3% of total 2878 wheat resources in 2000 - 2006. There were 176 resources with single spike weight from 2g to 2.49g accounting for 0.3% , 83 germplasm with single spike weight from 2.5g to 2.99g accouting for 2.88% , 19 valuable germplasm with single spike weight of more than 3 g accouting for 0.66%. The developed innovation strategy for big grain and weighty spike germplasm included ideal plant shape trait with large grain and spike weight, secure yield trait with big grain and weighty spike trait, excellent quality traits with big grain and weighty spike trait, combination of ordinary technique and modern biotechnology. Through innovation, excellent large grain and weighty spike middle materials breeding could supply fine gene resources and improve the development for super-wheat breeding.