小麦梭条花叶病抗性遗传和育种研究进展

Progress on Inheritance and Breeding for Resistance to Wheat Spindle Streak Mosaic Virus

由土壤真菌禾谷多粘菌（Polymyxa graminis）传播的小麦梭条花叶病在我国长江流域和黄淮平原麦区已成为危害小麦生产的一种严重病害。本文系统地综述了我国在小麦梭条花叶病种质资源筛选、抗性机理、抗性遗传、抗病基因的分子标记以及抗病育种方面的进展。研究表明，在我国地方品种和改良品种中存在着较丰富的抗病资源；植物体内某些酶的活性和可溶性糖含量与抗性有密切的联系；抗病性表现为数量性状的遗传特征，可能受1～3对显性基因控制。通过抗感品种间杂交，可以育成抗病丰产的新品种。文中还对今后开展小麦抗梭条花叶病育种提出了几点建议。

Wheat spindle streak mosaic （WSSMV） , transmitted by the soil-borne fungi （Polymyxa graminis）, is a serious disease in wheat-growing regions, such as in the reaches of Yangtze River, Yellow River and the Huaihe River in China. This paper highlighted some of the significant progresses made on screening of resistant germplasm resources, mechanism of resistance, inheritance of resistance, molecular marker of resistant genes and development of resistant varieties in China. The results showed as follow： abundant resistant germplasm resources existed in landrace and commercial wheat varieties. There was close relationship between resistance to WSSMV and activity of some enzymes as well as content of soluble sugar in plant. The resistance to WSSMV seemed to be controlled by one to three pairs of dominant genes. New reisistant variety with excellent agronomic traits could be developed by cross between resistant and susceptible varieties. Suggestions were made on development of the wheat varieties with resistance to WSSMV in the future in the paper.