绩效与不足:合作运动对中国农业生产影响分析——以20世纪前半期乡村合作社为中心

Performance & Shortage: The Effect of the Rural Cooperatives on Chinese Agriculture in the 1930-1940's

传统农业改造之关键是新的现代性农业生产要素的引进,而新生产要素的分配、扩散对于仅能维持生存的个体农民而言是力所不及的,需要由相当的组织机构来承担。为挽救农村危机,20世纪前半期国民政府借助行政力量自上而下掀起了颇具声势的乡村合作运动。诸多合作社的组建,对于农村中诸如资金、技术及良种等现代性生产要素的引进有着促进作用,但同时合作社制度又为国家政权建设过程中基层社会形成的“经纪”体制所困扰,使其效用难以最大限度地发挥。

The key to the transformation of traditional agriculture was the introduction of new-type modern productive factors. However, the distribution and spread of these new factors were beyond the ability of those individual farmers who could only sustain their existence. In order to overcome this rural crisis, the cooperative movement had been started by the People＇s Republic Government in the early 1900＇s. The cooperatives had a good effect on the rural areas by introducing the modern productive factors such as capital, techniques, good seeds, etc., but the system of the cooperatives had been restricted by the brokerage which was formed in the course of established State power.