传统民居演变过程中防灾作用的初步研究——以梅州客家传统民居为例

Study of the Disaster Prevention in the Process of the Traditional Dwelling Formation Through the Hakka's Dwelling in Meizhou

防灾是建筑产生的主要原因和发展的直接动力。以梅州地区客家传统民居为例,客家先人为躲避战争灾害而进行迁徙,由此导致的对故土建筑的“移植”决定了梅州地区客家民居的早期建筑形式;在客家传统民居发展过程中,客家人对自然灾害认知和防御的结果导致建筑平面和体型的演变;成熟阶段的传统民居因为各种有效的防灾措施的应用而提高了耐久性。

Disaster prevention is the main reason of building origin and its direct developing motivation. The hakka＇s ancestor migrated from the Yellow River drainage basin for escaping the wars and built the dwellings with the style of homeland building, which comes to the first formation of the traditional architecture. Through the understanding the nature disasters and the results of disaster prevention, the hakka changed the plan and body of the building. The traditional dwellings in their matured stage improve their life-span by application of the disasters prevention measures.