调和中的强制——论欧共体法中的一致解释原则

A Hard Core in a Mild Way——Consistent Interpretation in the EC Law

作为一个有别于普遍国际法的法律秩序,欧共体法建立了不同于普遍国际法的许多规则,一致解释原则当属其中之一。欧洲法院建立和发展一致解释规则旨在保证欧共体法的效力,在确立欧共体法优先地位的基础上,保持了该规则调和的性质,同时试图通过温和而间接的方式使欧共体法在成员国法律制度内取得类似直接效力原则所获得的效力,其内在的强制性随之凸显。与具有直接效力的欧共体法相比,它更易于被各成员国接受,因此与直接效力原则、国家赔偿原则一起成为欧共体法效力的保证。而新近通过Pupino案将该规则扩展适用至欧盟法的第三支柱①,对于欧盟法的发展意味深远。

As a new legal order different from general international law, European Community Law has established distinguishing rules, one of which is the doctrine of consistent interpretation. European Court of Justice has developed such a principle in general international law. It extends the application of consistent interpretation, strengthens compulsory application of such an obligation for member states, and looses the limits upon this rule. As a result, European Community Law has been performed successfully by member states through such a reconciling indirect way.