石油降解菌株的筛选、初步鉴定及其特性

Isolation,Identification and characteristics of crude oil-degrading microorganism

从含油污水中分离得到5株能高效降解石油的微生物菌株（P1、P2、P3、P4、P5）．根据形态学观察和生理生化实验对菌株进行鉴定，P1为节杆菌属（Arthrobacter sp．），P2为邻单胞菌属（Plesiomonas sp．），P3为假单胞菌属（pseudomonas sp．），P4为芽孢杆菌属（Bacillus sp．），P5为黄单胞菌属（Xanthomonas sp．）．对这5株菌的特性进行了研究，结果表明，P1、P2、P3、P4、P5在水样pH分别为9、7、8、8、8时，出现最大降解率，在10g/L原油培养基中培养7d分别能降解50．20％、55．59％、61．90％、55．66％和55．95％的原油．接种量、盐度、通氧量、温度、油质量浓度、营养盐对石油的降解率有较大的影响．通过对残油组分的GC—MS分析，确定各菌对C7～C17的直链烃有较好的降解效果．

Five bacterial strains（P1, P2, P3, P4, P5）which could efficiently degrade crude oil were isolated from oil-containing wastewater. The results of configuration observation, physiological and biochemical characteristics showed that these five strains were identified as Arthrobacter sp. , Plesiomonas sp. , Pseudomonas sp. , Bacillus sp. and Xanthomonas sp. , respectively. P1, P2, P3, P4 and P5 had a crude oil degradation capability of 50. 20%, 55.59% , 61.90% , 55. 66% and 55.95% when the oil concentration of weight was 10 g/L, after incubating in a medium containing crude oil as carbon source for seven days under pH = 9,7, 8, 8 and 8 respectively. The inoculation amount, salinity, oxygen, temperature analysis , oil concentration of weight and nutritious salt have significant effect on oil degradation. GC-MS of residual oil showed that C7 - C17 straight chain alkanes were easily degraded by the strains.