“布什主义”与美国新保守主义

The “Bush Doctrine” and America's Neoconservatism?

“布什主义”以先发制人、政权变更、单边主义和追求仁慈的霸权的外交政策为标志,其思想基础是美国新保守主义。九一一恐怖主义袭击使布什接受了新保守主义,把它当作对付恐怖主义这一新威胁的新方法,而新保守主义者则通过他们在布什政府中同“美国民族主义者”和基督教右翼组成的鹰派联盟来影响布什政府的外交政策。新保守主义者同传统保守主义者一样,信奉美国的两个基本意识形态:美国例外论和古典自由主义。他们提倡美国使用武力来追求其理想和利益。然而,“布什主义”及其新保守主义理念所存在的问题使“布什主义”的最终破产成为不可避免。随着美国伊拉克战争的困境加剧,新保守主义同“布什主义”一起经历了由盛到衰的过程。

The “Bush Doctrine” is characterized by the policies of preemption,regime change,unilateralism and pursuit of benign hegemony.Its ideological root is neoconservatism.The 9/11 terrorist attacks made Bush accept neoconservatism and regard it as a new approach in dealing with the new threat of terrorism;and neoconservatives,through their hawkish alliance with American nationalists inside the Bush administration and Christian rights,exert influence on U.S.foreign policy.Neoconservatives and traditional conservatives are firm believers in two basic American ideologies:American exceptionalism and classical liberalism.They promote the use of force to pursue their ideals and interests.However,the “Bush Doctrine” is doomed to fail as a result of the inherent problems in it and in the neoconservative beliefs.With the intensification of the difficulties in the Iraq War,neoconservatism,together with the “Bush Doctrine,” has traversed a course from booming to ebbing.