民事主体制度新论——兼论农民集体的法律地位

A New Analysis on the Civil Subject Institution——Also on the law status of farmers’ community

民事主体作为民法上的"人",取决于法律的价值判断。法律判断的依据是特定社会对民事主体所形成的共识。现代社会法律确认民事主体的实质要件应是:凡具有单一意志并经登记的社会存在都可作为民事主体。据此,传统民法将法人限定在能独立承担责任的组织上,是一个误解。而法人制度的重构不仅使民事主体制度获得了新生,而且为中国农民集体法律地位的确定提供了理论依据。中国的农民集体是一种组织承担有限责任的法人。

Civil subject, as the ＂persun＂ in civil law, depends on the value judgment of law, while the hasis of which is the social consensus for the civil subject in the certain society. The standard of the civil subject of modern society is that any social existence which tins solo will and tins been registered sbould be the civil subject. So it is a misunderstanding that the artificial person is limited to the organizations by definition which should undertake liability independently. The reconstruction of artificial person not only make the civil subject revive but ＂also provide a theory ＇basis for the law status of Chinese Farmers＇ community. Chinese farmers＇ community is one kind of artificial persons that undertakes limited liability.