论理想作为规范——兼评邓正来之“中国法律的理想图景”

Ideal as Norm——A review on "China’s ideal picture of law" and "harmonious society"

理想作为规范意义上的行动理由,无论在当前理论中,如追问"中国法律的理想图景",还是在当前实践上,如创建"和谐社会",都是一个重要的论题,但却一直缺乏从规范意义上的分析性观察。通过分析抽象理想和具体理想作为规范在命令、要求和建议层面上的不同意涵,试图揭示出隐藏在美好理想和近现代挫折之间重大断裂的原因:不同意义上的理想本应居于相应的规范位置。基于此,检讨了当前追问"中国法律理想图景"可能具有的积极和消极的一面,进而通过分析全民所有这样一个理想,指出面对和谐社会以及其他现实已经存在的理想,问题不在于发现新的理想图景,而是如何找到实现该理想的途径。

The ideal, as a reason for action, in present theory research is an important thesis, not only theoretically, for example, to ask for ＂China＇s ideal picture of law＂, hut also practically, for example, to construct ＂harmonious society＂. But there is almost nothing observing it analytically in the sense of the norm as yet. In virtue of analysing the abstract and concrete ideal as an order, a request or an advice, this article tries to uncover the root cause of the cleft between the good ideal and the cruel reality in China： the discrepancy of different ideals in different sense of the norm. On the basis of this analyse the article makes an investigation into the view of ＂China＇s ideal picture of law＂. Further by analysing the public ownership as an ideal and a legal principle, the article indicates that the key problem consists not in finding a new ideal, but in finding an approach, along which a ideal can be realized.