论蒙古族萨满教生死观——蒙古族生态文化的历史考察

On the Life-and-Death View of Mongolian Shamanism

生死观(包括灵魂观)是蒙古族萨满教教义中的重要内容,其中的几大问题在今天来看也有深入研究的必要。在萨满教关于肉体与灵魂关系的阐述中,蕴涵着哲学基本问题的萌芽;萨满教虽然认为长生天创造了所有生灵世界和无机世界,但是这种观点中包含着重视生命体的存在和保护所有物种的泛伦理主义情怀,也蕴涵着彰显人的主体性、强调社会与自然的和谐发展,力争做到自然资源的持续利用等观点,这些对当今人们树立科学发展观,构建和谐社会,走可持续发展的道路都有着极大的借鉴价值。

The view of life and death （ including the view of the souls） is the important content in Mongolian Shamanism and it is necessary even today to study some of its great issues. The elaboration in Shamanism about the relationship between soul and body contains the rudiments of fundamental philosophical issues. Though Shanmanism thinks it is Immortal Heaven that creates all the living things and the inorganic world, it not only contains the panethics which emphasizes the existence of life and the protection of all species, but also ideas that display the subjectivity of human beings, emphasize the harmonious development of society and nature and the effort to keep the sustainable exploitation of natural resources. All these have great implications for the establishment of scientific development view and the construction of harmonious society to achieve sustainable development.