中小学教师心理健康现状分析

An Analysis of the State of the Teachers Mental Health of in Primary and Middle Schools

目的了解中小学教师心理健康状况。方法采用症状自评量表（SCL-90）对424名中小学教师进行调查分析。结果中小学教师的各因子分及阳性项目数均高于常模,其中在人际关系因子上存在显著差异（P〈0.05）,其余都呈现极显著差异（P〈0.001）;中小学女教师SCL-90测验分值均高于男教师,在抑郁因子得分和阳性项目数上存在显著差异（P〈0.05）,在恐怖因子得分上差异较为明显（P〈0.01）,其余无显著差异（P〉0.05〕;边远地区、城市、县镇农村中小学教师的测验分值依次增高,城市和边远地区中小学教师除焦虑、精神病性因子及阳性项目数有显著差异外（P〈0.05）,其余差异均不显著（P〉0.05）,县镇农村较城市、边远地区中小学教师的测验分值高出明显,强迫、人际关系、抑郁、精神病性因子差异极其显著（P〈0.001）,县镇农村和边远地区中小学教师的焦虑、恐怖因子差异也极为显著（P〈0.001）。结论中小学教师心理健康整体状况不佳,女性心理健康状况较男性稍差,城乡差别对中小学教师心理健康状况有显著影响。

Objective：To explore the mental health state of primary and middle school teachers： Methods The author made an investigation and analysis on 424 teachers at primary and middle school by adopting SCL - 90. Result ： All the factors＇ scores and the number of positive items of teachers were higher than the norm. Interpersonal relation factor was significantly different from the norm （p 〈 0.05）and the rest was even more significantly different （p 〈 0.001 ）. The score of the depression factor and the number of positive items of women teachers in school were higher than that of men teachers （p 〈 0.05 ） . The difference in the score of fear factor is quite obvious （p 〈 0.01 ） . The rest had little difference （p 〉 0.05） ; Apart from obvious differences of the anxiety, the psychosis factors and the number of positive items between the teachers in the country and the teachers in the city （p 〈 0.05 ）, the rest has no significant difference （p 〉 0.05 ）. The testing score on the teachers was much higher in the countryside than in the city and the outlying district. The differences of the factors of compulsion, interpersonal relation, depression and psychosis were quite remarkable（p 〈 0. 001 ）. The difference of the anxiety and the fear of school teachers between the country and the outlying district was also quite remarkable（p〈 0.001）. Conclusion：The mental health state of the whole primary and middle school teachers is not good. Besides, the mental health state of female teachers is a little worse than that of male teachers. The difference between city and the country also has agreat influence on the mental health state of primary and middle school teachers.