汉、藏、彝族青少年负面身体自我评价比较

Negative Physical Self of Adolescents from Han, Tibet and Yi Nationalities

目的:探讨汉、藏、彝族青少年负面身体自我评价的特点。方法:采用青少年负面身体自我量表测量汉、藏、彝族990名中学生身体自我满意度的状况,并进行不同层面的分析。结果:汉、藏、彝族青少年负面身体自我量表评分为1.34±0.37。民族和性别对青少年负面身体自我量表评分影响没有交互作用。在总体负面身体自我和相貌、瘦维度上,彝族青少年得分(1.42±0.03、1.58±0.06、1.05±0.05)分别高于汉族、藏族青少年(汉族:1.26±0.02、1.23±0.04、0.89±0.03,藏族:1.26±0.03、1.15±0.05、0.88±0.04,P<0.05或0.01);在整体特征维度上,藏族青少年得分(2.23±0.03)分别高于汉族、彝族(2.09±0.03、2.12±0.04);在胖维度上,藏族、彝族青少年得分(1.01±0.05、1.14±0.05)均显著高于汉族(0.88±0.04,P<0.05)。女生的相貌特征、胖维度和总体负面身体自我评分均高于男生(1.41±0.04/1.23±0.04,1.24±0.04/0.78±0.04,1.36±0.02/1.26±0.02,P=0.001),瘦和整体特征维度评分低于男生(0.85±0.04/1.03±0.03,2.11±0.03/2.19±0.03,P=0.001)。结论:青少年负面身体自我存在民族差异和性别差异,在教育干预上应区分对待。

Objective： To study the characteristics of negative physical self of adolescents from Han, Tibet and Yi nationalities. Methods： 990 adolescents from Han （ n = 455 ）, Tibet （ n = 345 ） and Yi （ n = 190） nationalities were assessed with Negative Physical Self Scale. Results： Generally, adolescents from the three nationalities were satisfied to their own body （ average score 1.34 ± 0. 37 ）, and there was no interaction between race and sex. The main effect of the race was significant in the total negative physical self and four sub-dimensions （ general feature, appearance, fat, thinness ） . With their negative physical self, appearance and thinness, the Yi were significantly more dissatisfied than those from Han and Tibet nationalities （ Yi ： 1.42 ± 0. 03, 1.58 ± 0. 06, 1.05 ± 0. 05 ; Han： 1.26 ± 0. 02, 1.23 ± 0. 04, 0. 89 ± 0. 03 ; Tibet： 1.26 ± 0. 03, 1.15 ± 0. 05, 0. 88 ± 0. 04, P 〈 0. 05 or 0. 01 ） . With general feature, the Tibet was more dissatisfied than those from Han and Yi nationalities （ 2. 23 ± 0. 03/2. 09 ± 0. 03, 2. 12 ± 0. 04 ） . With fat, Han were more satisfied than Tibet and Yi （ 0. 88 ± 0. 04/ 1.01 ± 0.05, 1.14 ± 0. 05 ） . Girls were more dissatisfied than boys in appearance （ 1.41 ±0. 04/1.23 ±0. 04）, fat （ 1.24 ±0. 04/0. 78 ±0. 04） and total negative physical self （ 1.36 ± 0. 02/1. 26 ± 0. 02 ）, and more satisfied than boys in general feature （ 2. 11 ± 0. 03/2. 19 ± 0.03 ） and thinness （0. 85 ±0.04/1.03 ±0.03） . Conclusion： There are significant differences on negative physical self among the adolescents from Han, Tibet and Yi nationalities.