胰岛素非注射制剂研究现状及展望

The current situation and prospect of the research on non-injection preparation of insulin

当前改进胰岛素治疗的关键,在于力求找到代替给患者带来痛苦和麻烦的皮下注射胰岛素的方法,即模拟生理性胰岛素分泌,恢复正常代谢环境,并由此降低糖尿病并发症的危险性。国内外有许多研究者业已扩展了许多胰岛素给药途径,包括鼻黏膜、口颊黏膜、直肠、眼、阴道内、肺、皮肤和胃肠道。我们复习了本领域的大量论文和报告,对各给药途径的进展、优点和缺点作出分析,所得出的结论是:探索各种胰岛素给药途径的视野广阔,前进道路上仍不乏困难。

Attempts at replicating physiological insulin secretion, as a means of restoring the normal metabolic milieu and thereby minimizing the risk of diabetic complications, and instead of subcutaneous injections of soluble insulin, which take inconveniences and pains to patients, has become an essential feature of insulin treatment. Many researchers in and out of China have made efforts in expanding the delivery routes of insulin, including mucosae of intranasal, oral-buccal, rectal, ocular and intravaginal, pulmonary, skin, and gastrointestinal tract. We reviewed significant articles and main reports in this field, analyzed these advancement, advantages and disadvantages, and reached the point that there is a broad view in research of various routes of insulin delivery, with some obstacles still on the way.