上海市公共场所集中空调通风系统污染特征的初步研究

A Preliminary Study on the Sanitation Conditions of Central Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning Systems of Public Places in Shanghai

[目的]了解上海市公共场所集中空调通风系统的污染特征。[方法]于2006年7月随机抽取上海市74家单位的74套集中空调通风系统进行检测与调查。检测指标包括积尘量、积尘中细菌总数和真菌总数,调查内容包括清洗制度、新风口位置和周围环境等。使用SPSS 11.0对数据进行分析。[结果]上海市公共场所集中空调通风系统污染率达到24.3%,其中餐饮娱乐场所污染最严重(43.5%,Fisher精确P=0.026),被调查场所积尘量(>20g/m^2)、积尘中真菌总数(>100cfu/cm^2)和细菌总数(>100 cfu/cm^2)的不合格率分别为10.8%、18.9%和4.1%,积尘中细菌总数的不合格率低于前2项指标(Fisher精确P=0.016)。3项检测指标中每2项指标之间均存在统计学相关(Spearman等级相关,P值均<0.01),积尘量合格,则积尘中细菌总数亦合格;而积尘中细菌总数不合格,积尘量亦不合格。[结论]上海市公共场所特别是餐饮娱乐单位的集中空调通风系统卫生状况存在一定问题。提出积尘量和积尘中真菌总数两项指标即可达到积尘量、积尘中真菌总数、积尘中细菌总数3项指标检测效果的建议,但尚需进一步验证。

[ Objective ] To understand the sanitation conditions and contamination characteristics of central heating ventilation and air conditioning （ HVAC ） systems of public places in Shanghai. [ Method ] 74 public places sampled randomly were investigated and monitored in July 2006 for the sanitation conditions of their HVAC-systems. The accumulated dust mass, epiphyte counts and germ counts in the dust were monitored. An questionnaire covered the management and cleaning system, the location and surroundings of the fresh air intake was recorded for each public place. SPSS 11.0 software were used to analyze the data. [ Result ] In this study, 24.3% of HVAC-system in the public places were regarded as polluted, whereas 43.5% HVAC-system in restaurants or entertainment places were polluted （ Fisher exact P = 0.026 ）. The disqualified percentages in accumulated dust mass （〉 20 g/m^2 ）, epiphyte counts （〉100 cfu/cm^2） and germ counts （〉100 cfu/cm^2 ）were 10.8%. 18.9% and 4.1% respectively, among which the percentage of germ counts in dust was less significant （ Fisher exact P = 0.016 ）. The Spearman correlations existed between each other in the 3 indices（ P values were all less than 0.01 ）. The systems with qualified for accumulated dust mass were also qualified for germ counts, and vice versa. [ Conclusion ] HVAC-systems of public places in Shanghai were polluted moderately in accumulated dust, germ and epiphyte.